Open Differential.
When the driving wheel of the car revolves, the outer wheel
is always turning faster/more than the inner wheel on cornering.
This is due to the final gear acting as one unit, with the
special structure which utilizes the four bevel gears which
are facing two gears which are connected to both left and
right axle side gears (the differential) known as the other
two pinion gears. When the car accelerates forward the final
gear and the whole differential acts as one, it turns both
left and right axles at the same speed. But normally when
cornering the revolution & speed of both side gears left
and right changes due to the way the pinion turns, this causes
the differential mechanism to force the outer wheel to turn
faster than the inner wheel.
Limited Slip
Differential. Also known as the nonslip differential, L.S.D. When
the wheel on one side of the driving wheel enters into mud
or when it loses grip, that wheel would usually idles due
to the function of the open diff differential gears, thus
making the car unable to move. This is due to the difference
of rotating speeds of both the left & right side drive
shafts (being different in motion) is restricted depending
upon when to lock. There is with a friction plate type LSD
which utilizes gears and clutch plates to generate differential
resistance and then there is an RPM response type LSD which
utilizes rotary difference. The friction plate system furthermore
is classified into residual pressure type "multiple plate
type" for torque proportional systems.
Viscous LSD works by utilizing plates within
housing with thick fluid. This LSD works by sensing the
rotation speed between the 2 drive shafts. The 2 sets of
plates are connected to a driveshaft on one side. Normally
the driveshaft’s and fluid will spin at the same speed but
if one side changes speed the fluid stuck between the plates
will try to catch up to the faster side by transferring
the torque to the slower side.
Torsen LSD
units are purely a mechanical design and don’t use any viscous
fluids, plate clutches or electronically devices. This design
operates on its internal worm like gears & consists of
the combination of 3 types of gear, 2 worm gears which is
connected to the left & right drive shafts (those which
are suitable with side gears of the normal diff). This works
similar to the open differential but when one wheel looses
traction the worm gears then bind or lock together which in
effect will force both sides to run at the same speed. The
key points in this design are the internal gears and their
design as it will determine its torque bias ratio. This type
is more commonly popular with higher powered all wheel drive
cars. TORque SENsing is
the meaning behind the name of TORSEN.
The
Technical Trax LSD unit is based on the multiple plate clutch
design. With this design the multiple friction clutch plates
are located between the side gears and the differential casing
and utilize the pinion and cam gears. This is a torque proportional
type LSD. In the usual differential arrangement it is connected
to both left & right axles directly, when the driving
force of one side differs in speed the pinion gear with the
cam angle forces the clutch plates to compress and grip to
in effect transfer the driving torque evenly to both axles.
The T-TRAX ADVANCE has adopted this system which has proven
its effectiveness as the best for 2WD applications.
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